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";s:4:"text";s:13086:"They called it Rio dos Cameroes, meaning "shrimp river". They noted an abundance of the ghost shrimp Lepidophthalmus turneranus in the Wouri River and named it Rio dos Camarões (Shrimp River), which became Cameroon in English. The capital is Yaoundé, located in … Joel Embiid, center for the Philadelphia 76ers, and Luc Mbah a Moute, a forward for the Los Angeles Clippers are from Yaoundé, as are Samuel Umtiti, a footballer for the national team of France and FC Barcelona, Breel Embolo, a footballer for Borussia Mönchengladbach and Vincent Aboubakar, a footballer for Porto. Soils and climate on the coast encourage extensive commercial cultivation of bananas, cocoa, oil palms, rubber, and tea. Muslims are most concentrated in the north, while Christians are concentrated primarily in the southern and western regions, but practitioners of both faiths can be found throughout the country. [37][38], In May 2014, in the wake of the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping, presidents Paul Biya of Cameroon and Idriss Déby of Chad announced they were waging war on Boko Haram, and deployed troops to the Nigerian border. International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (28 May 2007). [79] In December 2014, a List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor issued by the Bureau of International Labor Affairs mentioned Cameroon among the countries that resorted to child labor in the production of cocoa. [161], Cameroon has a high level of religious freedom and diversity. In 1884 the Germans extended the word Kamerun to their entire protectorate, which largely corresponded to the present state. [150] Nigerians make up the largest group of foreign nationals. [1], Cameroon has had a decade of strong economic performance, with GDP growing at an average of 4% per year. [34] The boundary change triggered a local separatist insurgency, as many Bakassians refused to accept Cameroonian rule. "1947: Decolonisation in the Shadow of the Cold War: the Case of French Cameroon. [47] Laws are passed on a majority vote. Artists such as Anne-Marie Nzié developed it into a popular dance music beginning in the 1940s, and performers such as Mama Ohandja and Les Têtes Brulées popularised it internationally during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. [70], A video showing Cameroonian soldiers executing blindfolded women and children emerged in 2018. [57][58] In particular, English-speaking people are discriminated against; protests often escalate into violent clashes and killings. [13] From here, Bantu migrations into eastern, southern, and central Africa are believed to have originated about 2,000 years ago. [48] The government has taken measures to encourage tourism in the country.[119]. [87] The HIV/AIDS prevalence rate in 2016 was estimated at 3.8% for those aged 15–49,[88] although a strong stigma against the illness keeps the number of reported cases artificially low. Some performers sing complete songs by themselves, accompanied by a harplike instrument. The ruling called for a withdrawal by both countries and denied the request by Cameroon for compensation due to Nigeria's long-term occupation. In a typical performance, a chorus of singers echoes a soloist. [182] Dishes are often quite hot, spiced with salt, red pepper sauce, and Maggi. Directly south of them are the Centre (Centre) and East (Est). Cameroon is home to over 250 native languages spoken by nearly 25 million people.[8][9][10]. [157] German, the language of the original colonisers, has long since been displaced by French and English. [26] Ahidjo used the ongoing war with the UPC to concentrate power in the presidency, continuing with this even after the suppression of the UPC in 1971. The city centre houses government offices, some hotels, and the central market. [173], Musical accompaniment may be as simple as clapping hands and stomping feet,[174] but traditional instruments include bells worn by dancers, clappers, drums and talking drums, flutes, horns, rattles, scrapers, stringed instruments, whistles, and xylophones; the exact combination varies with ethnic group and region. Paul Biya, the incumbent president, has led the country since 1982; he had previously held office as prime minister, from 1975 until his elevation to the presidency. [15], Portuguese sailors reached the coast in 1472. [46] All local government officials are employees of the central government's Ministry of Territorial Administration, from which local governments also get most of their budgets. Cameroon possesses substantial mineral resources, but these are not extensively mined (see Mining in Cameroon). The government used oil money to create a national cash reserve, pay farmers, and finance major development projects; however, many initiatives failed when Ahidjo appointed unqualified allies to direct them. "The Economy of Cameroon Federal Republic". [165][166], People from the North-West and South-West provinces, which used to be a part of British Cameroons, have the highest proportion of Protestants. [24] This prompted a long guerrilla war waged by the UPC (known also as the Bamileke War) and the assassination of several of the party's leaders, including Ruben Um Nyobè, Félix-Roland Moumié and Ernest Ouandie. ", The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights reports that Cameroon Government forces are responsible for killings, the excessive use of force, burning down of houses, arbitrary detentions and torture. The southern part of British Cameroons federated with it in 1961 to form the Federal Republic of Cameroon. [173][175], Popular music styles include ambasse bey of the coast, assiko of the Bassa, mangambeu of the Bangangte, and tsamassi of the Bamileke. The country is often referred to as "Africa in miniature" for its geological and cultural diversity. There is a small zoo in the Mvog-Betsi neighbourhood. Those who join are obliged to complete 4 years of service. [131] Douala is the country's principal seaport. "Southern Cameroons/Ambazonia Conflict: A Political Economy." Makossa developed in Douala and mixes folk music, highlife, soul, and Congo music. Fulani soldiers founded the Adamawa Emirate in the north in the 19th century, and various ethnic groups of the west and northwest established powerful chiefdoms and fondoms. Author of. Yaoundé has a small assortment of Pubs, nightclubs and restaurants. [1] More than 75% of Cameroon's industrial strength is located in Douala and Bonabéri. 1, (2007), pp. [41] In 2017, Biya's government blocked the regions' access to the Internet for three months. [1], Cameroon's population is almost evenly divided between urban and rural dwellers. Map of Cameroon showing the location of Yaoundé, „Ich bemerke nur, daß der Lieutenant Tappenbeck und ich eine Station in größeren Maßstabe auf dem Innerafrikanischen Plateau zwischen den Flüssen Yong u Zannaga an dem Platze angelegt haben, der auf der Karte mit dem Namen Epsumb bezeichnet ist. [1], Males and females that are 18 years of age up to 23 years of age and have graduated high school are eligible for military service. Kouega, Jean-Paul. Oil, gas and mining revenues are rarely reported, which implies massive graft. It lies in the Centre Region of the nation at an elevation of about 750 metres (2,500 ft) above sea level. Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. Weathering by water is not as significant a problem for that soil group as mechanical weathering. [127], Transport in Cameroon is often difficult. The Germans ran into resistance with the native people who did not want the Germans to establish themselves on this land. Major Dominik's establishment of a military garrison at the site in 1895 permitted a Pallotine mission and religious school at nearby Mvolyé (now a suburb).[5]. [95] It is slightly larger than the nation of Sweden and the state of California; Cameroon is comparable in size to Papua New Guinea. The western region extends north and west from the Sanaga River and continues north along the Nigerian border as far as the Benue River. "Republic of Cameroon", Fomensky, R., M. Gwanfogbe, and F. Tsala, editorial advisers (1985). [116] Its currency is the CFA franc. Ally — and Its Soldiers Carried Out a Shocking Execution of Women and Children Nick Turse", "State-sponsored Homophobia: A world survey of laws prohibiting same sex activity between consenting adults", "Core document forming part of the reports of States Parties: Cameroon", 2013 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor -Cameroon, Africa | Cameroon girls battle 'breast ironing', BBC World Service – Outlook, Fighting 'Breast Ironing' in Cameroon, Campaigners warn of 'breast ironing' in the UK – Channel 4 News, Breast Ironing : A harmful traditional practice in Cameroon, "Mapping of Protected Areas Evolution in Cameroon from the Beginning to 2000: Lesson to Learn and Perspectives", Biya plan to keep power in Cameroon clears hurdle, "Cameroon Unemployment rate - data, chart", "Poverty headcount ratio at $1.90 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population) - Cameroon | Data", "Cameroon Business Mission Fact Sheet 2010–2011", "Women's role in Cameroon fishing communities", "Strengthening Transparency in the Oil Sector in Cameroon", "Harnessing Central Africa's Hydropower Potential", Gunmen kill one, kidnap 22 in Cameroon near CAR, "Equipment for the Future Maroua International Airport", United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, "Cameroon: Regions, Major Cities & Towns", Cameroon: Population Movement; DREF Bulletin no. [140] Population density is highest in the large urban centres, the western highlands, and the northeastern plain. In the south, the principal rivers are the Ntem, Nyong, Sanaga, and Wouri. Rail service runs from Kumba in the west to Bélabo in the east and north to Ngaoundéré. [167] Suspected witches are often subject to mob violence. Its ethnically diverse population is among the most urban in western Africa. [70] The Islamist jihadist group Ansar al-Islam has been reported as operating in North Cameroon. [25], On 1 January 1960, French Cameroun gained independence from France under President Ahmadou Ahidjo. The rest of Cameroon's energy comes from oil-powered thermal engines. [65], President Biya has engaged in a decades-long clash with the government of Nigeria over possession of the oil-rich Bakassi peninsula. [86], In 2012, the top three deadly diseases were HIV/AIDS, lower respiratory tract infection, and diarrheal diseases. Yaoundé features a lengthy wet season, covering a ten-month span between March and November. Yaoundé (US: /ˌjɑːʊnˈdeɪ/, UK: /jɑːˈʊndeɪ, -ˈuːn-/;[2] French pronunciation: ​[ja.unde]; German: Jaunde) is the capital of Cameroon and, with a population of more than 2.8 million, the second-largest city in the country after the port city Douala. [50][51], Cameroon is viewed as rife with corruption at all levels of government. [5] It was also known in English as Yaunde Station. On 25 July 2018, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein expressed deep concern about reports of violations and abuses in the English-speaking Northwest and Southwest regions of Cameroon. [172] The goals of dances range from pure entertainment to religious devotion. [32] Human rights organisations allege that the government suppresses the freedoms of opposition groups by preventing demonstrations, disrupting meetings, and arresting opposition leaders and journalists. [54] However, the corruption has gotten worse, regardless of the existing anti-corruption bureaus, as Transparency International ranked Cameroon 152 on a list of 180 countries in 2018. The northern portion of the territory was formally handed over to the Cameroonian government in August 2006, and the remainder of the peninsula was left to Cameroon 2 years later, in 2008. 3–94. The second soil group is present mainly in the lower-precipitation northern regions. In the south, women grow the family's food, and men provide meat and grow cash crops. Doctors and nurses who were trained in Cameroon, emigrate because in Cameroon the payment is poor while the workload is high. [60], Freedom House ranks Cameroon as "not free" in terms of political rights and civil liberties. [129], In the first months of 2014, thousands of refugees fleeing the violence in the Central African Republic arrived in Cameroon.[155]. In the North West and South West provinces, collectively called Ambazonia, the 1st of October is considered to be a national holiday by Ambazonians, a date which Ambazonians regard as the declaration of independence of Ambazonia from Cameroon. In the south the Sanaga, Wouri, Nyong, and Ntem rivers drain into the Atlantic Ocean. [76] Girls attend school less regularly than boys do because of cultural attitudes, domestic duties, early marriage, pregnancy, and sexual harassment. Lantum, Daniel M., and Martin Ekeke Monono (2005). However, there has been a reduction of flooding in the city since the establishment of a sanitation master plan to address the issue. 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